Phalloplasty
(also: bottom surgery, lower surgery, penis enlargement, phallo)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Sometimes referred to as "penis enlargement surgery" (or variations thereupon) - phalloplasty is a surgical procedure sometimes performed on people with micropenises or masculinized vulvas. Phalloplasty may also be performed in the case of people who have suffered from personal damage or loss of the penis. The primary focus of this page is regarding phalloplasty in the context of transgender men for simplicity's sake. Please keep in mind that there are people with other gender identities who may choose to undergo phalloplasty.
Having a penis is something that is traditionally associated with being a man. That being said, not being born with a penis causes many transgender men to experience gender dysphoria. For this reason, many transgender men seek out surgeries such as metoidioplasty and phalloplasty in an effort to obtain gender euphoria. Some transgender men pack prior to having surgery in an effort to see if they would like to have surgery in the future.
Additionally, this surgery has been around longer than some people may realize. The first phalloplasty procedure for a transgender man was performed in 1946 by Sir Harold Gillies on Michael Dillon.
This website is not a subsitute for a consultation with a doctor. The information on this page is not from a medical professional, it is simply a collection of basic research and summaries to help explain these concepts in a simple way. If you plan on getting phalloplasty, please do as much research as you possibly can prior to undergoing surgery. Find as many reviews (and especially photos of healed work) of your planned surgeon prior to undergoing surgery.
Clicking on underlined terms/words/phrases/etc throughout this page will lead you to a relevant definition, page, topic, etc. If you come across a term that is not underlined, but you are still unfamiliar with it, please attempt to navigate your way to a definition using the alphabet menu buttons at the top or bottom of this page. If you still can't figure out what the word or phrase means, look it up in a different dictionary. If you still don't understand, let me know.
General Information
This surgery is used for the creation of a penis using a skin graft. A skin graft is a procedure in which the skin and nerves from one part of the body are removed, and used for another purpose. In this case, the purpose is to create a penis. This surgery can take place before or without another surgery known as meta.
Glanplasty (formation of glands at the tip of the phallus) is often performed alongside the rest of the surgery.
Medical tattooing is often performed after healing from surgery, to make results look more natural.
This surgery is performed by a urologist while the patient is under general anesthesia.
Variables Which Can Affect Results
- Length of time on testosterone prior to surgery.
- Sensation at the donor site/the donor site itself.
- Functionality (depends on procedure).
- Donor site location (depends on body type).
- Complications (depends on body, donor site, etc).
- Recovery (depends on donor location, integra, thickness back over donor site, and other procedures.)
Types of Phalloplasty
Abdominal Phalloplasty/Supra-Public Phalloplasty
The donor site is the abdominal area. Abdominal Phalloplasty has less scarring than other procedures.
Anterolateral Thigh/ALT
ALT is a form of phalloplasty which uses the thigh as a donor site. The donor site may require additional procedures to be aesthetically pleasing after this surgery.
Musculocutaneous Latissimus Dorsi/MLD
MLD Flap Phalloplasty uses the back as a donor site.
Radial Forearm Flap/RFF
RFF is a form of phalloplasty which uses the arm as a donor site. RFF is the most common form of phalloplasty. Due to the nature of the forearm (general lack of hair), it is easier for this donor site to be worked with.
Single Scar Phalloplasty/SSP
SSP is a variation of ALT with less scarring.
External Links
Please read as many resources as possible prior to undergoing surgery if you plan on undergoing surgery. Seek out information in places other than what is linked below. Prior to picking a surgeon, seek out as many reviews and photos regarding said surgeons work prior to undergoing surgery. Inclusion of a link on this website for informational purposes is not an endorsement of any particular medical professionals those links may lead to. Links are included to encourage further research. None are sponsered nor endorsed.
YouTube Resources
Studies/Journals/Etc
- American Urological Association: 1129 SIR HAROLD GILLIES: PIONEER OF PHALLOPLASTY AND THE BIRTH OF UROPLASTIC SURGERY (https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.2326) - Nair, Rajesh, and Seshadri Sriprasad. “1129 SIR HAROLD GILLIES: PIONEER OF PHALLOPLASTY AND THE BIRTH OF UROPLASTIC SURGERY.” 2010. Journal of Urology, vol. 183, no. 4S, WoltersKluwer, Apr. 2010, p. e437, doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.2326.
- PubMed: Phalloplasty: techniques and outcomes (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6626313/) - Heston, Aaron L et al. “Phalloplasty: techniques and outcomes.” Translational andrology and urology vol. 8,3 (2019): 254-265. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.05.05
- Pubmed: Phalloplasty: The dream and the reality (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3901910/) - Rashid, Mamoon, and Muhammad Sarmad Tamimy. “Phalloplasty: The dream and the reality.” Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India vol. 46,2 (2013): 283-93. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.118606
- The Journal of Urology - MP29-20 METOIDIOPLASTY FOLLOWED BY SECONDARY PHALLOPLASTY: THE WAY TO FEWER COMPLICATIONS? (https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000000868.020)
- queerdoc: 12/28/2022: Vaginal-Preserving Phalloplasty (https://queerdoc.com/vpp/)
Surgical Websites
Forums
Sites Dedicated to The Topic of Phallo
Terminology Resources
Additional Resources
- Cleveland Clinic: 06/06/2024: Phalloplasty (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty)
- Embryo Project Encyclopedia: Riley McInnis: 05/11/2022: Phalloplasty (https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/phalloplasty)
- Finlay Games - Phalloplasty (https://finlaygames.com/category/phalloplasty/)
- FTM Guide - Phallo (https://www.ftmguide.org/grs.html#phallo)
- Gender Aid: 10/14/2022: Phalloplasty (https://genderaid.org/en/masculinization/info/phalloplasty)
- Gender-Affirming Surgery: Phalloplasty and Metoidioplasty (https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/docs/librariesprovider323/default-document-library/gender-affirming-surgery-phalloplasty-and-metoidioplasty.pdf)
- Healthline: Corinne O'Keefe Osborn & Janet Brito, Ph.D., LCSW, CST-S: 09/18/2018: Phalloplasty: Gender Confirmation Surgery (https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/phalloplasty)
- John Hopkins Medicine: Fan Liang, M.D.: Phalloplasty for Gender Affirmation (https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/phalloplasty-for-gender-affirmation)
- wayback machine - nerve rehab guide (https://web.archive.org/web/20250118104906/https://www.ohsu.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/THP-phalloplasty-nerve-rehab-guide-2022.pdf)
- UCSF: Curtis Crane, MD: 06/17/2016: Phalloplasty and metoidioplasty - overview and postoperative considerations (https://transcare.ucsf.edu/guidelines/phalloplasty)
- Vault Library: FTM, Issue 10 (December 1989) (https://vault.library.uvic.ca/concern/generic_works/363ca497-747d-4521-9fbf-b26ada25f47f?locale=en) - Quarterly trans masculine newsletter beginning with Issue #1, September 1987. "FTM International's newsletter for female-to-male transgender and transexual people and allied partners, lovers, family members, friends, and professionals." The serial has been scanned and reviewed for personal information; a limited amount of personal information has been redacted.
- Wikipedia - Phalloplasty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalloplasty)
See also the pages for; meta, masculinized vulva, and vaginectomy.